The earliest and now...

Distribution

Nowadays, distribution companies distribute films and have also supplied films to TV networks and to DVDs. In addition, distribution companies maintain close contact with theater owners and provide a transportation and delivery system that ensures that a film will arrive at a theatre before its scheduled play date. However, most of the distribution of motion pictures has large studios, which are firmly entrenched in both the production and distribution aspects of the business, so independent producer or small companies are facing problem that finding contact theatre chains to spread all over the world. Because of it, the large studios can offer theatre owners a steady stream of films that consistently feature big-name stars.

done by- nan young

CONTENT

Gone With The Wind (1939) is often considered the most beloved, enduring and popular film of all time. The duration of this film is 238 minutes. Gone With the Wind boils down to a story about a spoiled Southern girl's hopeless love for a married man. Producer managed to expand this concept, and Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel, into nearly four hours' worth of screen time, on a then-astronomical 3.7-million-dollar budget, creating what would become one of the most beloved movies of all time. The film (originally rough-cut at 6 hours in length) was challenging in its making, due to its controversial subject matter (including rape, drunkenness, moral dissipation and adultery) and its epic qualities, The genres of this film is Tvromance, war and civil war romance. The genre and the filming of Avatar movie that release at 2009. "Avatar," a new generation famous movie is a live action film with a new generation of special effects, takes us to a spectacular world beyond imagination, where a reluctant hero embarks on a journey of redemption and discovery as he leads an epic battle to save a civilization. During filming, Cameron (director)made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action.He also using conventional techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the actors is complete. To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virtual camera systems

Gone with the wind is done by- Coshin
Avatar is done by- Joanne

Exhibition 

William Dickson, assistant to Thomas Edison perfected a machine called the Kinetoscope which would be able to project a moving image onto a large screen for many people to view at once. In the early 1900's, early film studies began producing 5-cent admission priced films for a crowd of 50- to 90-seat theaters called nickelettes or nickelodeons. Film company, namely Paramount Pictures, Fox and also MGM combined their own production and distribution functions into one corporate structure and started building their own theaters. In the late 1920's, Warner Brothers who unlike the others, started experimenting with the idea of having sound incorporated into the films and released "The Jazz Singer" in 1922. The novelty of sound gave a boost to the film industry. In 1941, A new technique in the filming is the "technical wizardry" The first 3-D film which cause viewers to have headaches. New technology was introduced and the film had to keep up with the latest trend to get the best revenues and market prices. Films were now digitally rented and downloaded to be viewed. DVD sales still make up most of the income for the film. The film industry was finally heading into the digital era. 

Before 1900s, movies in cinemas were providing only black and white motion pictures without any dialogues and sound effects. The highlight of our Early Cinema collection is the 1907 to 1919 run of the Moving Picture World, one of the earliest trade papers of the motion picture industry. The heyday of the Moving Picture World was during the 1910s and the period that film historians have called cinema’s “transitional era” (lasting roughly from 1908 to 1917).But movies nowadays were dramatic changed due to the advancement in technology –Online booking movie tickets, variety types of seats, different genres of movies are available in each cinema to fulfill audiences’ needs.

done by- kevin & ling

Writer: Suslin
Editor: Cosin

SEDITION ACT 1948 MALAYSIA

Freedom of speech is a very tricky right to be freely given to a citizen of a specific country. Words should be carefully used to make sure it does not cause unnecessary semantic meanings to a sentence. The sedition act 1948 was enacted in Malaysia as a method for government to keep check of the criticism of the mass.

A small history lesson on the Sedition act 1948 Malaysia:

In 1948, the Sedition Act was enacted by the British colonial government to combat the Communists. Amendments were made through an Emergency Ordinance 1971, not long after the riots of 1969, to criminalize any questioning on Part III (on citizenship), Article 152 (on national language), Article 153 (on the special positions of the Malays and the rights of other races) and Article 181 (the Rulers’ sovereignty) of the Federal Constitution. 

What are the important features of the act?

(1) Any person who—
(a) does or attempts to do, or makes any preparation to do, or conspires with any person to do, any act which has or which would, if done, have a seditious tendency;
(b) utters any seditious words;

(c) prints, publishes, sells, offers for sale, distributes or reproduces any seditious publication; or
(d) imports any seditious publication, shall be guilty of an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable for a first offence to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both, and,
for a subsequent offence, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; and any seditious publication found in the possession of the person or used in evidence at his trial shall be forfeited and may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the court directs.

(2) Any person who without lawful excuse has in his possession any seditious publication shall be guilty of an offence and shall,  on conviction, be liable for a first offence to a fine not exceeding two thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months or to both, and, for a subsequent offence, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, and the publication shall be forfeited and may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the court directs.

* highlight
Innocent receiver of seditious publication
7. Any person to whom any seditious publication is sent without his knowledge or privity shall forthwith as soon as the nature of its contents has become known to him deliver the publication to the officer in charge of a police district or, in Sabah and Sarawak, to an administrative officer or to the officer in charge of the nearest police station, and any person who complies with the provisions of this section shall not be liable to be convicted for having in his possession the publication:
Provided that in any proceedings against that person the court shall presume until the contrary be shown that the person knew the contents of the publication at the time it first came into his possession.

Not to forget that there are always dissenting opinions and critiques on the act itself.

"No doubt it is a serious and terrifying offence as one may be imprisoned for merely voicing out different views and opinions. Worst still one may even be branded as a criminal, not for committing crimes like theft and murder but by only having different views or opinions that may be interpreted as being anti-establishment by the powers that be.The uncertainty of its provisions is implicit in words like “bringing into hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against any ruler or against any government” in Section 3. The language used here is broad and vague enough to catch anything and everything particularly the tendency to question or criticise any government about their policies or actions. There seems no line drawn between legitimate criticisms and criticisms that lead to incitement to violence and disorder. It seems that any criticism aimed at any government or its institutions are capable of having seditious tendencies under the Act." - Jeyaseelan Anthony

M. Manoharan had submitted that the Sedition Act was unconstitutional because the scheme of the Act makes it an offence for a person to merely act, speak or publish statements with a "seditious tendency" without any requirement on the part of the prosecution to prove that the words were indeed seditious.

Contoh cases as a result of the Sedition Act

The defendant, Ooi Kee Saik, vice-chairman of the DAP Penang branch and others were charged of the offence of sedition under S 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act 1948. The defendant was found to have uttered seditious words in his speech, in which he accused the Alliance government of practising on the ethnic based policy. The other defendants, Fan Yew Teng are charged with publishing them in the Rocket and while Kok San and Lee Teck Chee were charged with printing the speech in Rocket.On the grounds that the defendant uttered seditious words challenging the special position and privilege of the Malays under Article 152 and 153/181. Lastly , Each of the accused were fined RM2000 in default of six months imprisonment.

In 2005, Hishammuddin waved the keris at the UMNO Annual General Meeting. Commentators perceived this action as meant to defend the Malay Special Right. Although applauded by the Malay delegates, the picture of Hishammuddin waving the keris was widely ridiculed in the Malaysian blogosphere. In response to concerns over the racial rhetoric, then Vice President Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said that "Although some sides were a bit extreme, it is quite normal to voice feelings during the assembly."
Hishammuddin also defended the delegates' actions, saying that events earlier in the year related to the status of Islam in Malaysia and the NEP had "played on the Malay psyche. If they had not been allowed to release their feelings in a controlled channel, it could have 

been even worse." He defended his usage of the keris, saying it was meant "to motivate the Malays" and that it "is here to stay", denying that it was a symbol of Malay supremacy (ketuanan Melayu).
Hishammuddin also asserted that "The keris is on the Umno flag...It is a symbol of Malay culture. You give keris as gifts to non-Malays, and non-Malays give them to me at functions."
However, Chinese politicians declared themselves unconvinced by Hishammuddin's explanations, with the Malaysian Chinese Association (a member of the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition) Youth chief, Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai, saying that "If I hold a Chinese sword at a wushu function, it would be different than if I hold one at a political event. This was a political function, so it is seen in a different context. It can create uneasiness."

Should the Sedition act 1948 be repealed?

Fan Art? False Advertising?

Check out the model hand

Introduction that written by Nanyoung:

In Modern society, most of covers of magazines are digitally manipulated compared to early days of magazines. In early days of magazines simply took the picture and used it. However, these days, so many airbrushing used for better-looking cover. The digital photography has made it extraordinarily easy to retouch the photo. An ethical issue arises when, without disclosing the alteration to the viewers of the picture, airbrushing is used to create images that are too ideal or too much of an improvement from real figures. So, do readers have a right to know when photos have been digitally altered? 
(yes, we do. Because : )
First, when girls see the picture or cover of the magazine which was digitally manipulated, they don’t know what is the exact different between ideal and reality. The problem is that young girl’s self-image. Several studies have found that women feel worse about their own body image after looking at magainze’s cover which is airbrushed. Further, when guys see that, they easily think that the picture or cover is real. These images might create unreal expectation.

Kevin's thought on the impact of such act towards the publishers:

Well first of all, the publishers might get a different look after doing so, this is because society will less likely trust the publishers to be a credible source ever again. No longer will viewers trust the publishers ever again. This will undeniably affect product sales by the publishers as people begin to lose interest and maybe even perhaps, boy-cot the publishers themselves.

Coshin opinion of the impact for the society and readers:

The fan arts and fake advertisements are viewed and read by all the readers. They would get the wrong information from it. They thought what they have seen and read are real. They live in a world of make-believe. They steeped in a fool's paradise. People tend to follow on the celebrities. Therefore, the social morals is corrupted.

Suslin opinion of the impact for the celebrity: 

Today's society is very advanced, most are technology-driven. We can freely modify the things we photographed or recorded. Recently announced it was taking a stand against image manipulation in advertising, stating that alterations made through processes like Photoshop can contribute to unrealistic body image expectations, eating disorders and other emotional problems. Surprisingly, professional and public reactions are mixed. It’s wrong to digitally manipulate a celebrity’s picture, because if the picture is not the original picture and everyone put in the fake introduction to the original picture and turn the picture become the fake than show to reader. Models and celebrities always look stunning with their flawless skins on magazine and album covers. Photoshop not only can do enhancements to poorly shot photographs, but also able to turn an ordinary person into someone with superstar qualities. The negative implications after reading the article: “Fan Art or False Advertising” impact on the celebrity is the celebrity will lose their image to their fan when the false advertising is showing a bad news of the celebrities to the readers so it may spoil the celebrities’ image.

Guat Ling explain about the situation of photo been digitally manipulated:

As we can see, the photo of the model on the magazine looked different with the actual photo. It has been discovered that the actual photo of the model was digitally manipulated by editing the appearance of the model and the background of magazine to alluring people read through the magazine.
Besides that, the photo also can be digitally manipulated by hiding defection to enhance the story or characters of the image.

Conclusion that written by Joanne:

 It must be false advertisement. Like what Co Shin had written, readers will get the wrong information from it. In my opinion, no one will like to be shape by any technical things without their permission. It made you look like a fake doll and lost yourself. That's why I think that it should be false advertisement.

Writer and editor for this post,

Joanne, Nanyoung